“Amazon launched a local website for Australia on Dec. 5, 2017, one more step on its march to world domination. Quinn Rooney/Getty Images
In his 1997 letter to the first Amazon shareholders, CEO Jeff Bezos laid out the three-word business philosophy that could soon make the online giant the first $1 trillion company in history: "obsess over customers."
That simple, customer-centric credo has driven a string of innovations unmatched in American retail:
- Amazon posted some of the first customer reviews next to its products (1995)
- 1-Click (1997) eliminated the need for Amazon customers to re-enter billing information with every purchase
- Amazon Prime (2005), a free-shipping loyalty program, has ballooned to become Amazon’s all-encompassing shopping and entertainment ecosystem
- Amazon Kindle (2007) basically created the downloadable ebook device market and continues to dominate it
- Amazon Echo (2015), a smart home gadget dismissed as a gimmick, became the top-selling item on Amazon.com for Black Friday 2017
And then there are all the innovations that Amazon’s customers don’t see, but that allow Amazon to make good on promises like same-day delivery. Scot Wingo, executive chairman and founder of ChannelAdvisor, an ecommerce strategy consultancy, says that Amazon’s 116 nationwide fulfillment centers and the "billions of dollars in investment to make that happen" all stem from that original shareholder letter.
"Bezos said in 1997 that customers won’t get tired of low prices, selection and great shipping," says Wingo. "Here we are 20 years later and those are the things that have really differentiated Amazon from everyone."
Onine shopping in the third quarter of 2017 accounted for 9.1 percent of total retail sales in America. That’s an increase of 15 percent over 2016, which itself was 15 percent better than the same quarter in 2015, and it’s expected to grow at that same rate for the foreseeable future. (Although you might be forgiven for expecting internet shopping to be a higher percent of retail sales by now, few people buy groceries and cars online, two of the biggest retail sectors.)
In that small but growing online retail pond, Amazon is by far the biggest fish. Check out some of the latest stats:
- Amazon accounted for 43 percent of all online sales in 2016
- Amazon recorded 45 percent of online sales on Thanksgiving and nearly 55 percent on Black Friday in 2017
- 1 in 4 US adults (63 million) are Amazon Prime members
- 71 percent of US adults make an Amazon purchase at least once a month
Amazon’s online dominance is a thorn in the side of just about every retailer in America. Consumers accustomed to the low prices and absurdly broad selection of Amazon are often disappointed when they walk into traditional brick-and-mortar retailers. This has led to the growing practice of "showrooming," in which shoppers visit physical retail stores to try on clothes and size up gadgets, then go home and buy them online, often through Amazon.
But just when retailers started thinking that brick-and-mortar was a death sentence, Amazon flipped the script. The online-native company recently opened its first brick-and-mortar bookstores, a market it originally helped kill (R.I.P. Borders, Waldenbooks and B. Dalton). Then Amazon bought Whole Foods with its 450 US locations, which may one day have no checkout lines or cash registers, just like the Amazon Go pilot grocery store in Seattle.
Does that mean that the Amazon way is the only way to win in retail? Not necessarily, says John Rossman, a former Amazon executive and managing director at the Seattle consulting firm Alvarez & Marsal, who not coincidentally wrote a book called "The Amazon Way: 14 Leadership Principles Behind the World’s Most Disruptive Company."
"For every company, it’s about knowing who your customer is and figuring out different high-value ways to serve them in unique ways that others would have a tough time copying," says Rossman. "Amazon has its own approach to it, but I wouldn’t recommend that everyone follows Amazon’s playbook."
The Walmart Way
Walmart’s an excellent example. The big-box chain has definitely ripped a few pages from Amazon’s playbook by investing heavily in its online user experience and offering free 2-day shipping on millions of items. As a result, Walmart’s online sales have for third quarter 2017 jumped 50 percent over the same quarter in 2016. But Walmart has something that Amazon doesn’t have — physical stores in nearly every community in America.
"You have to start saying, ‘Those 4,000 stores that I have, I’ve got to stop treating them as a handicap and start thinking about how they can be an asset to me,’" says Neil Stern with the retail consultancy McMillanDoolittle. Stern says Walmart has the opportunity to create a robust "click-and-collect" network that’s seamless between online ordering and in-store inventory.
"It’s a staggering amount of money that Amazon is spending to subsidize shipping to the home," says Stern (he’s right Amazon lost $7.2 billion on shipping in 2016). "Walmart can calculate, ‘This item will cost you $22 to ship to your home, but you’ll save $5 if you come to the store.’ That’s one big area where Walmart can do something that Amazon can’t do today."
The counterargument, says ChannelAdvisor’s Wingo, is that "your average Walmart has 100,000 unique SKUs in it and each Amazon fulfillment center has 1 million."
Emphasizing Brick-and-Mortar Strengths
Other retailers need emphasize unique shopping experiences that online-only retailers can’t match, says Stern, like the "treasure hunt" pleasure of an off-price clothing store like T.J. Maxx or the immersive brand experience of Lululemon or an Apple store.
One of Rossman’s favorite case studies is Nordstrom, a traditional retailer that could have faded away as a dinosaur of the mall era. But Nordstrom paid attention to its customer’s social media habits and nimbly incorporated in-store shoe displays of top pinned items on Pinterest and the ability to buy items straight from its Instagram feed.
Nordstrom also doubled down on its reputation for excellent customer service with a pilot store called Nordstrom Local that sells no products, just services like stylist appointments, manicures and online shopping pick-up. This is part of a new trend of retailers trying to turn the "showrooming" threat on its head. Bonobos Guide Shops are a great example. No clothes are actually sold in the store, but they combine the best of brick-and-mortar — personalized customer service, immersive brand experience, and discovery — with the convenience of online ordering and free home shipping.
Now That’s Interesting
One of Amazon’s keys to success is that it’s not afraid to take risks and make expensive bets. Of course, risks are… risky. The biggest "black eye" in recent Amazon history is the Fire Phone, which failed precisely because Amazon’s beloved customers just didn’t need it.
